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lirik lagu hunian haider - 35 cybersecurity terms every layperson should know in 2025

the world is becoming increasingly connected, thanks to the internet. this comes with great benefits like convenience, increased and faster access to resources, and education. however, this also brings a great risk of cyberattacks. according to a report by exploding topics~xploding topics, almost 54 people become victims of cyberattacks every second
this means understanding cybersecurity is not limited to tech wizards anymorе. even ordinary people should undеrstand the basics of cyberattacks and security to keep themselves safe online

in this article, let us check out some basic cyberattack and security~related terms every person should know in 2025

list of 35 terms you should know
here is a list of 35 cybersecurity terms you should know to navigate today’s digital world with more confidence

cybersecurity: this is the all~encompassing umbrella term for the security of everything online. put simply, it is the practice of protecting computer systems and networks from digital attacks
malware: this is a short form of “malicious software.” this is a general term for any software designed to harm your computer or steal your data
virus: this is a type of malware that attaches itself to legitimate programs and applications and spreads to other computers when those programs are run. it is similar to a biological virus, which replicates itself
worm: a worm is another type of malware that can self~replicate and spread across networks without human intervention
trojan horse (or simply trojan): a trojan horse is a malware that disguises itself as legitimate software. you may think you are downloading a real application or software, but it is a trap. like the trojan horse in greek mythology, it hides something malicious that can harm your computer or identity
ransomware: this is one of the most common types of malware in recent times, affecting individuals and organizations alike. threat actors use it to get hold of your sensitive information, encrypt it, and demand a ransom for its release
phishing: this is a deceptive attempt by threat actors to trick you into revealing sensitive and personally identifiable information (pii), such as passwords, bank account numbers, or credit card numbers, by pretending to be a trustworthy entity like your bank, employer, or insurance company. consider it a “fishing” expedition for your data
spear phishing: this is a more targeted form of phishing, where the attacker tailors the message specifically to you, usually using the information they have gathered about you. this kind of attack is much harder to spot
smishing: these are phishing attempts conducted using sms or text messages
vishing: these are phishing attempts conducted using phone or voice calls
spoofing: this is a form of attack where an attacker disguises themselves as a legitimate user or device to gain unauthorized access to your sensitive information
scam: this is a fraudulent scheme, often used to trick people into giving away money or personal information
firewall: it is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic. it acts as a barrier between a trusted network (e.g., your home or office network) and an untrusted network, such as the internet, to protect against malicious traffic and unauthorized access
antivirus software: this is a computer program designed to detect, prevent, and remove malware from your computer. consider it your digital immune system
virtual private network (vpn): a vpn creates a secure, encrypted connection over the internet, protecting your online activity and private data from potential threat actors. it masks your ip address and encrypts your internet traffic, which makes it harder for third parties to steal your information, especially when using unprotected public wi~fi
encryption: this is the process of converting information into a secret code to prevent unauthorized access. this code can only be deciphered with a decryption key
decryption: this is the process of converting encrypted information back into its original, readable form
multi~factor authentication (mfa): it is a security system that requires users to provide multiple verification factors to gain access to a resource, such as an application or website
two~factor authentication (2fa): this is a variant of mfa, which requires users to provide two verification factors to gain access to an account. for example, it could be your password and a code sent to your phone
biometric authentication: it is a system that uses a person’s unique biological traits, such as fingerprint, retina scan, or facial recognition, to verify their identity, offering a more secure alternative to traditional methods like passwords
data breach: it is an incident where unauthorized individuals or threat actors gain access to confidential, sensitive, or protected data
identity theft: this is an incident when an individual obtains and uses another person’s personal identifiable information, such as their name, social security number, or credit card number, illegally for financial gain
social engineering: a person manipulating/tricking an individual into performing actions or providing confidential information, such as a password, is called social engineering. in this type of attack, threat actors exploit human psychology and emotions instead of technical vulnerabilities to gain access to sensitive information
patch/update: these are software fixes released by organizations and developers to either improve code functionality or address security vulnerabilities
vulnerability: talking about vulnerability, it is a weakness in the system or software that a threat actor can exploit
zero~day vulnerability/exploit: this is a security flaw in hardware or software yet unknown to the developers or vendors. as such, there is no fix or patch available, which makes it vulnerable to exploitation by attackers before a defense can be developed
ddos (distributed denial of service) attack: this is a type of cyberattack where threat actors attempt to overwhelm a server or network by flooding it with massive traffic from multiple sources, making it unavailable to legitimate users. the unavailability of a service can hurt both the business’s reputation and finances
spam: these are unsolicited and often irrelevant emails, usually sent in bulk for either advertising or phishing purposes
backup: this is a copy of your data, usually stored on a different device or cloud, so you can restore it in case the original is lost or corrupted. this is essential for disaster recovery
cloud security: securing protecting data and applications hosted in cloud computing environments is called cloud security
iot security (internet of things security): this is the act of securing the continually growing network of physical objects (or things) embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange data over the internet
privacy policy: this is a legal document that explains how an organization collects, uses, stores, and protects the personal information of its consumers or users. this is absolutely important as the lack of it can lead to massive penalties in certain geographies
terms of service (tos): these are the legal agreements between a service provider and an individual/organization who wants to use that service
dark web: this is a hidden part of the internet that is generally not indexed by standard search engines. it requires specific software, configurations, or authorization to access. the dark web is usually associated with illicit activities
incident response: this is the system process an organization uses to prepare for, detect, contain, and recover from security breaches or cyberattacks

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